Respiratory illnesses explained
Respiratory conditions affect the airways, lungs, and breathing muscles. They can range from
temporary irritation and infections to chronic diseases that change how the body exchanges
oxygen and carbon dioxide. Many illnesses become more noticeable when environmental triggers
such as cold air, smoke, allergens, humidity extremes, or poor air quality are present.
Air quality is measured on a scale from 0 to 500, known as the Air Quality Index (AQI). It is
calculated by collecting samples of outdoor air at monitoring stations and using specialized
tools to detect pollutant gases and tiny particles, helping show how clean or dirty the air is.
AQI Standard Ranges (US EPA)
- 0–50 → Good (Green): Air quality is clean. No breathing problems for anyone.
- 51–100 → Moderate (Yellow): Air is acceptable. Sensitive groups may feel mild irritation.
- 101–150 → Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups (Orange): People with asthma, COPD, kids, and elderly may feel symptoms.
- 151–200 → Unhealthy (Red): Everyone may start feeling breathing discomfort.
- 201–300 → Very Unhealthy (Purple): Health warnings for everyone.
- 301–500 → Hazardous (Maroon): Serious health risks to the public.
Stress level guide
- 0–25: Rest — Very low physiological stress. Breathing is relaxed and stable.
- 26–50: Low Stress — Mild activation of the body. Breathing may be slightly faster but still comfortable.
- 51–75: Medium Stress — Noticeable physical or mental strain. Breathing becomes shallower, and asthma-sensitive people may feel tightness.
- 76–100: High Stress — Strong physiological or emotional pressure. Airways can tighten, increasing asthma risk.
Air entrynose and throat
Airwaysbronchi and bronchioles
Gas exchangelungs and alveoli
What to watch for
Common warning signs include shortness of breath, wheezing, chest tightness, persistent
cough, fatigue, fever, or unusual sputum production. A sudden change in symptoms, especially
after allergens, smoke exposure, or a respiratory infection, should prompt closer attention.
Symptoms
Causes
Prevention
Treatment